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Objective@#To investigate the health-related quality of life and its influencing factors among urban adults in Hangzhou City, so as to provide the evidence for formulation and assessment of health policy. @*Methods@#A total of 1 800 permanent residents at ages of 18 to 64 years were sampled from Gongshu and Xihu districts, Hangzhou City using a stratified cluster random sampling method from May to August 2022. The health-related quality of life was measured with the EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L), and factors affecting health-related quality of life were identified with a Tobit regression model.@*Results@#A total of 1 624 valid questionnaires were recovered, with a response rate of 90.22%, and the respondents included 693 men (42.67%) and 931 women (57.33%). The proportions of difficulty in mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression were 1.23%, 0.43%, 0.74%, 11.15% and 8.56%, and the median (interquartile range) of health state utility value and EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS) score were 1 (0) and 90 (15) points, respectively. Female (β=-0.050), age of 45 to 64 years (β=-0.067) and development of chronic disease (one chronic disease: β=-0.036; two and more chronic diseases: β=-0.090) were factor affecting of health state utility values, and age of 35 to 44 years (β=-1.945) and 45 to 64 years (β=-3.459), unemployment (β=-1.913), development of chronic disease (one chronic disease: β=-3.444; two and more chronic diseases: β=-8.529), high-level physical activity (β=2.355) and overweight/obesity (β=-1.456) were factors affecting the EQ-VAS score. @*Conclusions @#The overall health related quality of life is relatively good among urban adults in Hangzhou City. Gender, age, employment, physical activity, presence of chronic diseases and overweight/obesity may be associated with health-related quality of life among urban adults in Hangzhou City.
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Objective:To analyze the screening results of urban cancer early diagnosis and early treatment project in Taiyuan City in 2020.Methods:Based on the method of cluster sampling, taking the urban community of Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province as the research site, all permanent residents aged 45-74 years (with local household registration and living in the local area for over 3 years) from January 2020 to December 2020 were selected. The cancer patients with confirmed diagnosis and those with severe medical and surgery diseases receiving treatment were excluded. The basic data and risk factors of the population were collected through questionnaires and the screening results were obtained from clinical screening in the project hospitals, and then the high risk rate of cancer, the detection rate of positive lesions, and the detection rate of suspected cases were calculated.Results:A total of 5 878 people participated in the screening of cancer early diagnosis and early treatment project. Among them, a total of 3 003 people (51.09%) were evaluated as a high-risk group of cancer. The sequence from low to high of positive detection rates of different cancers was listed as follow: liver cancer (3.87%, 21/542), upper gastrointestinal cancer (13.88%, 78/562), colorectal cancer (15.78%, 71/450), breast cancer (25.79%, 122/473), and lung cancer (54.92%, 536/976). Among them, the detection rate of positive lesions of lung cancer and liver cancer in males was higher than that in females, while the detection rate of positive lesions of the remaining cancer types in males was lower than that in females. The detection rates of suspected cases of various cancer types from low to high were listed as follow: liver cancer (0, 0/542), upper gastrointestinal cancer (0.55%, 3/562), lung cancer (0.71%, 7/976), breast cancer (2.75%, 13/473) and colorectal cancer (3.11%, 14/450). Among them, the detection rate of suspected cases of lung cancer in males was higher than that in females, and the detection rate of suspected cases of upper gastrointestinal cancer and colorectal cancer in males was lower than that in females.Conclusions:In the process of carrying out the project of early diagnosis and early treatment of cancer in Taiyuan in 2020, the public participation enthusiasm and compliance are good, but the detection rate of positive lesions and suspected cases are at a high level. The prevention and control of cancer cannot be ignored. Further publicity and education should be done, and more reasonable screening methods should be explored, so as to better improve the effect of cancer screening.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the relationship between sleep quality and bone mineral density (BMD) in urban residents.@*METHODS@#Data of 28 756 Han adults (14 355 males and 14 401 females), who completed both Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) assessment and radial BMD tests by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in the Health Management Center of Southwest China University from June 2012 to June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The degree of sleep disorder was determined based on PSQI scores, while osteopenia and osteoporosis was diagnosed according to BMD T-value. The test and multiple regression model were used to investigate the relationship between sleep quality and BMD.@*RESULTS@#The numbers of normal BMD, osteoponia and osteoporosis were 17 039 (59.3%), 7916(27.5%) and 3801(13.2%), respectively. The mean PSQI score was 5.6±1.4 points. According to PSQI scores, there were 15 936 subjects without sleep disorder (55.4%), 5965 with mild (20.7%), 4897 with moderate (17.0%) and 1958 with severe sleep disorder (6.8%), respectively. There was no significant difference in osteoponia/osteoporosis rate between subjects with mild sleep disorder and normal ones (=0.948, >0.05), while the rate of osteoporosis in moderate sleep disorder group was higher than that in mild group (=525.583, <0.01), and the rate of osteoponia/osteoporosis in severe sleep disorder group was much higher than that in moderate group (=1124.877, <0.01). Multiple regression results showed that female, elders, mental labor, smoking and higher PSQI scores were independently associated with lower T-value (all <0.05), while moderate to intense daily physical activity was associated with higher T-value (<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Sleep disturbances may be a major risk factor for BMD loss in urban residents, indicating that it would be a potential target of osteoporosis prevention.
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OBJECTIVES@#To verify the applicability and extensibility of the satisfaction index of basic medical insurance for rural and urban residents, and to explore the mechanism responsible for the satisfaction index in Kunming and Changsha City, and provide references for effective management and policy making.@*METHODS@#A stratified cluster sampling method was conducted. A total of 560 familial decision makers were randomly selected in 24 classes of 14 schools of Kunming and Changsha City. Model reliability was tested by SPSS18.0. In addition, Smart PLS 3.0 was applied to conduct model validity test, calculate the satisfaction index, and to compare the model path coefficients of Kunming and Changsha by multi-group analysis.@*RESULTS@#In the application of the satisfaction index of basic medical insurance for rural and urban residents in Kunming, Cronbach's α of the model was 0.93, split-half reliability coefficient was 0.90, and the latent variable composite reliability coefficient values were more than 0.86; the latent variable average variance extraction (AVE) values were greater than 0.66, and the square root of the AVE of each latent variable (all greater than 0.66) was larger than the correlation coefficient with other latent variables. The factor loading values were greater than 0.70, with statistical significance. The basic health insurance satisfaction index of Kunming and Changsha was 60.40 and 52.05, respectively. The difference between the path coefficient of Kunming and Changsha was not statistically significant except the path from public satisfaction to public loyalty. Perceived value had the largest direct and total effect on public satisfaction latent variable in Kunming City. While the perceived value had the largest direct effect on public satisfaction, and the perceived quality had the largest total effect on public satisfaction in Changsha City.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The satisfaction index model reflects the satisfaction of pupils' basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents, and it also shows good reliability and validity in Changsha and Kunming. What's more the model can be extended to the national level to evaluate the satisfaction of basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents for primary school students. The basic health insurance satisfaction index of familial decision makers in Kunming is higher than that of Changsha. There are differences between Kunming and Changsha in the influential mechanism of the satisfaction index of for Chinese pupils with basic medical insurance for rural and urban residents, and the measures taken by the government and relevant departments to improve the satisfaction of basic medical insurance should be based on local conditions.
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Humans , China , Decision Making , Personal Satisfaction , Reproducibility of Results , Rural Population , Urban PopulationABSTRACT
Objective@#To explore the screening efficiency of colorectal cancer in urban residents of Kunming, China.@*Methods@#Using the method of cluster sampling, from October 2014 to October 2017, residents of the three jurisdictions of Xishan, Guandu and Chenggong Districts of Kunming city were investigated. The inclusion criteria: (1) resident (for more than 3 years) population of Kunming city aged 40-74 years old; (2) voluntarily participating and receiving colonoscopy; (3) signing informed consent. Based on the Harvard Cancer Risk Index, the questionnaire was built on the consensus of more than 20 years of common cancer epidemiology in China. Through the consensus reached by the multidisciplinary expert panel discussion, a comprehensive evaluation system for cancer risk in China was designed. The high-risk group of colorectal cancer was determined by preliminary screening of the questionnaire, and a free colonoscopy was performed for the appointment to the gastrointestinal endoscopy department of the Yunnan Cancer Hospital. All polypoid lesions and ulcers found by colonoscopy must be biopsied to confirm the diagnosis. χ2 test or Fisher exact probability method was used to compare the detection of colorectal cancer in 4 groups of 40-49 years old, 50-59 years old, 60-69 years old, and ≥70-years old. Detection of colonoscopy, compliance, pathological examination, pathological diagnosis, and morbidity of colorectal cancer were analyzed.@*Results@#A total of 127 960 people from 40 to 74 years old of urban residents in Kunming city participated in the preliminary screening of the questionnaire, including 59 748 (46.7%) males and 68 212 females (53.3%) with mean age of (53.6±8.6) years old. The 40-49 years old group had the largest number of participants (48 044, 37.5%), followed by the groups of 50-59 years old (42 473, 33.2%), 60-69 years old (34 111, 26.7%), and ≥70 years old (3332, 2.6%). Till October 2017, a total of 14 971 people were screened as at high risk of colorectal cancer, with the high-risk detection rate of 11.7%, and the high-risk detection rate of women was significantly higher than that of men [13.4% (9 109/68 212) vs. 9.8% (5 862/59 748), χ2=386.947, P<0.001]. The highest high-risk detection rate was in the 50-59 years group in both gender [men: 11.1% (2202/19 831), women: 15.3% (3034/22 642)]. A total of 3449 people among the high-risk population received colonoscopy examination. The compliance rate of colonoscopy was 23.0% (3449/14 971), and the male compliance rate was 19.8% (1162/5862), which was significantly lower than that of females [25.1% (2287/9109), χ2=56.175, P<0.001]. The highest compliance was observed in the 50-59 years group [25.4% (1438/5668)], followed by 40-49 years and 60-69 year group [22.1%(1091/4931) and 22.0%(891/4048), respectively], and the compliance of ≥70 years old group was the lowest [9.0% (29/324)]. Colonoscopy examination revealed 606 cases with lesions, the detection rate of lesions was 17.6%, and the male detection rate was significantly higher than that of females [26.9% (313/1162) vs. 12.8% (293/2287), χ2=106.140, P<0.001]. The detection rate of lesions increased with age [40-49, 50-59, 60-69, ≥70: 10.9% (119/1091), 17.5% (252/1438), 25.0% (223/891) and 41.4% (12/29), respectively, χ2=79.010, P<0.001]. A total of 584 cases underwent endoscopic excision and pathological diagnosis, and 465 cases (13.5%) of precancerous lesions were detected. The prevalence of precancerous lesions in men was higher than that in women [21.3% (247/1162) vs. 9.5% (218/2287), χ2=90.801, P<0.001], the precancerous lesion detection rate increased with age [40-49, 50-59, 60-69, ≥70: 8.0% (87/1091), 14.3% (206/1438), 18.1% (161/891) and 37.9% (11/29); χ2=58.109, P<0.001]. A total of 4 patients with colorectal cancer were detected, including 3 males and 1 female. The detection rate of male colorectal cancer was 258.2/100 000, and the female was 43.7/100 000, whose difference was not statistically significant (χ2=1.488, P=0.223). There was no significant difference in the detection rate of colorectal cancer among 4 age groups [40-49, 50-59, 60-69, ≥70: 91.7/100 000 (1/1091), 69.5/100 000 (1/1438), 224.5/100 000 (2/891) and 0, respectively, P=0.696].@*Conclusions@#Screening for colorectal cancer is an important measure to control the onset and death of colorectal cancer. Through the questionnaire risk assessment plus colonoscopy, two-step screening method can improve the screening efficiency and greatly reduce the screening cost.
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the direct relationship between personality (PN) and sub-health status (SHS) and their indirect association mediated by frustration quotient (FQ) and stress event (SE).@*METHODS@#A multiple-stage stratified sampling method was used to choose the participants, and a total of 4517 eligible urban residents were selected.ANCOVA was used to analyze the independent association between personality and SHS after adjusting the demographic characteristics and lifestyle.A structural equation model was used to analyze the associations among personality, FQ, SE and SHS.Bootstrap method was used to test the direct and indirect association between personality and SHS.@*RESULTS@#Personality was independently associated with total sub-health (=75.913, < 0.001), physical sub-health (=23.618, < 0.001), mental sub-health (=101.993, < 0.001) and social sub-health (=48.757, < 0.001).The urban residents with the personalities characterized by anger suppression, anxiety and irritability, and impatience and competitiveness had significantly lower health scores than those with a mature and steady personality ( < 0.05).Personality was associated with FQ and SE, and the indirect association between personality and physical sub-health was mainly mediated by FQ and SE (β=-0.110).Personality showed more a direct association (β=-0.172) with mental sub-health and a slightly less indirect association (β=-0.126) with mental sub-health.Personality showed a more indirect association (β=-0.113) with social SHS and slightly less direct association (β=-0.082) with social sub-health.@*CONCLUSIONS@#A mature and steady personality may help to promote the general health level, while the personalities of anger suppression, anxiety and irritability, impatience and competitiveness can be associated with the occurrence of sub-health.Building a mature and steady personality has positive effects on the health in general of an individual.
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Adolescent , Humans , Asian People , Health Status , Life Style , PersonalityABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To establish the norms of Sub-Health Measurement Scale (SHMS V1.0) for Chinese urban residents.@*METHODS@#Using a multistage stratified sampling method, we conducted a large-scale epidemiological investigation among 15 066 urban residents sampled from 6 regions in China, including Tianjin City (north China), Guangdong Province (south China), Anhui Province (central south China), Sichuan Province (southwest China), Lanzhou City (northwest China) and Harbin City (northeast China). The mean, percentile and threshold norms were established based on the characteristics of SHMS V1.0 scores for Chinese urban residents.@*RESULTS@#The mean and percentile norms of total, physical, mental and social sub-health of Chinese urban residents were established according to gender and different age groups (14-19, 20-29, 30-49, 50-64 and ≥65 years). The threshold norms of SHMS V1.0 divided 5 health states, namely disease, severe sub-health, moderate subhealth, mild sub-health and healthy states according to the ± and ±0.5 of the converted scores.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The norms of Sub-Health Measurement Scale (SHMS V1.0) for Chinese urban residents were established, which provides a reference for rapid screening and diagnosis of sub-health status in Chinese urban residents and facilitates further study of the prevalence and contributing factors of sub-health.
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Humans , Asian People , China , Health Status , Prevalence , Surveys and Questionnaires , Urban Health , Urban PopulationABSTRACT
Objective To learn the satisfaction and influencing factors of medical insurance for urban residents in Taiyuan city.Methods The multi-stage random sampling method was used to survey the satisfaction of medical insurance for urban residents so covered in 4 districts of Taiyuan city. The questionnaire covered basic personal information, and comments of the residents on the three dimensions of medical insurance regarding the stakeholders. The data solicited were subject to descriptive analysis, Kruskal-Wallis test and ordered multi-class logistic regression analysis. Results The rate of overall satisfaction of urban residents′ medical insurance in Taiyuan city was 44.6% , that of average satisfaction was 48.3% , and that of dissatisfaction was 7.1%.For residents of different family size and physical health status, the differences of their satisfaction were statistically different(P<0.05).Ordered multi-class logistic regression analysis showed that the proportion of reimbursement, the scope of drug treatment and the efficiency of treatment were top factors affecting their satisfaction ( OR > 1 ). Conclusions The rate of overall satisfaction of medical insurance by urban residents in Taiyuan city is low. To improve their satisfaction, it is important to increase the proportion of reimbursement, expand the scope of reimbursement for diagnosis and treatment along with drugs, simplify the reimbursement procedures, and improve the service attitude of the service agencies.
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Objective:To analyze the impacts of sustainable deterioration of environment quality and demographic structure adjustment on urban residents' health expenditure.Methods:Non-spatial panel model and spatial panel model were applied to use inter-provincial panel data to conduct the empirical analysis.Results:Environment quality,demographic age structure and interaction had significant impact on urban residents' health expenditure.Conclusion:Demographic structure transformation and environment quality deterioration were the two difficulties faced by China's medical and health system.The construction and reform of medical and health system should focus on these challenges.
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Objective To understand the types of drug use,medication habits,medical treatment behavior and drug management of urban families in Hefei,and to provide background information for drug safety education and scientific medical education.Methods The questionnaire design covers 32 issues,some teachers and parents of 2 training institutions,part of the staff of the 2 administrative institutions and the residents of the 3 residential areas were investigated.320 questionnaires were distributed,and valid questionnaires were collected from 306 copies.Results 96.1% of Hefei urban family had standing drugs,anti cold drugs was the highest proportion(87.3%),followed by antibacterial drugs(51.0%),the main channel was the purchase pharmacy(89.2%) and hospital(36.3%).When the family was ill,65.7% of the respondents first ate home medicine;the proportion of chosing a large hospital up to 83.3%.74.5% of respondents believed that antibiotics abuse.Up to 83.3% of respondents had been performed intravenous infusion therapy when illness,55.9% of the respondents thought intravenous infusion therapy most unnecessary,and only 5.9% of the respondents thought intravenous infusion therapy was dangerous.Consulting a doctor when they had a problem in 67.7%,followed by the internet query(44.1%) and to the pharmacy consultation(14.7%).40.2% of the respondents hoped to learn medical knowledge.Conclusion Hefei city of Anhui province has a high proportion of urban family with standing drugs,the purchase way is regular,and when the disease,first of all to eat home standing drugs,medical treatment prefers large hospital,most think most intravenous infusion is not necessary;They want to understand the medical knowledge,and hope to establish consultation channels.
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Objective To establish the norms of Self-rated Health Measurement Scale Version 1. 0 ( SRHMS V1.0) for urban residents in Guangdong. Methods We used regional stratified random sampling method to select 6000 urban residents of 5 cities in Guangdong ( including Guangzhou, Maoming, Shantou, Shaoguan and Shenzhen) for a questionnaire investigation with SRHMS V1. 0, and establish the norms of mean,percentile and threshold based on characteristics of SRHMS V1.0 scores. Results The residents can be divided into 8 groups on the basis of gender and cut-off point of age 40,50 and 60. The mean norms of SRHMS V1.0 total scores were:(78.57±10.10),(76.93±9.90),(75.33±10.66),(69.45±13.90)for males under age40,40-50,50-60 and above 60 respectively;(77.03±10.00),(74.55±10.27),(72.24±11.76), (66.48±14.37)for females under age40,40-50,50-60 and above 60 respectively. The percentile norms of SRHMS V1.0 from 5 percent to 95 percent were established with 5% as interval. The norms of cutting off scores were established as five states according to the scores of TS,namely severe poor health,poor health,gen-eral health,good health and fairly good health,with( x-s),( x-0.5s),( x+0.5s),( x+s) as cutting off scores. Conclusion The study established the SRHMS V1.0 norms for urban residents of Guangdong preliminarily,which provides reference for further research of the population''s health status and its impacting factors.
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The establishment of negotiation and consultation mechanism between medical insurance management agency and medical institution,could proceed the development of provider payment system reforms.This paper discussed the policy basis and the basic principle of negotiation and consultation in provider payment system reforms,and the subject,level and model,content,the carrying out and so on.
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Objective:To investigate the satisfaction of family doctors services among the contracted community residents,so as to provide evidence for improving the related system of family doctors.Methods:Two community health service centers in Hanbin District of Ankang were selected as the investigation sites and 805 over-65-year residents were recruited and interviewed using cluster sampling method.Results:The three most satisfactory items for community doctor services were family doctors' attitude (86.0％),the convenience of appointment and service (80.3％) and the degree of listening and explaining the disease (77.1％).Conclusion:Overall,the residents are generally satisfied with the family doctor services,but there still exists much room for improvement.We must increase propaganda of family doctor services in the process of implementation,raise the awareness of family doctor services in residents,establish and improve the mechanism of training,introduction,evaluation and incentive of family doctors,and improve the overall quality and service ability of family doctors.
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Objective To learn the prevalence and risk factors of anorectal diseases among urban population aged 18 -80 years in Lanxi.Methods Typical sampling was adopted to select one urban area from Lanxi City.Face -to -face interviews and physical examinations were carried out to collect data during June 2015 to September 2015.Results A total of 3 327 residents were recruited,of which 2 931 were involved in both questionnaires and physical examinations.Totally, 1 554 participants were detected one or more anorectal diseases.The prevalence rate was 53.02% (standardized rate 45.61%).Hemorrhoids cases was accounted to the most,and the prevalence rate was 49.47% (standardized rate 42.41%).Male was associated lower risk of hemorrhoid (OR =0.37,95%CI:0.32 -0.44).Compared to 18 -30 age group,older age were associated with increasing risks of hemorrhoid significantly despite of 31 - age group.Results for different groups were 41 -(OR =1.66,95%CI:1.05 -2.62),51 -(OR =1.94,95%CI:1.23 -3.07),61 -(OR =1.92,95%CI:1.19 -3.09)and 71 -80 (OR =2.62,95%CI:1.57 -4.39).Only junior high school (OR =1.30,95%CI:1.01 -1.66)and senior high school (OR =1.57,95%CI:1.19 -2.07)were significantly associated with high risk of hemorrhoid.Conclusion The prevalence of anorectal diseases in Lanxi urban area is high.Gender,age and education level might be independent risk factors of hemorrhoid.Therefore,preventive strategies should vary across different population with different characteristics.
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Objective To learn the epidemic situation of thyroid cancer in Shangcheng District of Hangzhou City and to explore the influencing factors.Methods The data of thyroid cancer incidence from 2006 to 2014 was collected and the annual incidence rates were adjusted by Segi's world standardized population.Results The average incidence of thyroid cancer was 25.48 /100 000 and was 28.28 /100 000 when adjusted by Segi's world standardized population.The incidence of thyroid cancer among female was 2.56 times higher than that among males.The incidence of female thyroid cancer was higher than male,and the incidence of 30 -50 year old group was highest.The incidence of thyroid cancer was increasing year by year.Conclusion The incidence of thyroid cancer in Shangcheng District of Hangzhou was higher than that in China and world,and it was increasing year by year.Thyroid cancer has been the major public health problem,and the government should do harder work to decrease the incidence of thyroid cancer.
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Objective:The paper aims to evaluate the impacts of the urban residents’ basic medical insurance on the medical treatment and preventive care services utilization through quantitative evaluation. Methods:The China Health and Nutrition Surveys ( CHNS) Data collected from 2006 to 2011 were used to compare the difference between medical treatment and preventive care services utilization adopting the difference-in-difference method and the Probit model. The control group urban residents did not participate in the basic medical insurance while their treatment group participated. Results:The medical treatment and preventive care services utilization were more for the treat-ment group than they were for the control one. The age, education level, annual per capita income and hypertension influenced the medical services utilization, and the annual per capita income was a protective factor. The age and ed-ucation level also influenced the preventive care services utilization. Conclusion: The urban resident basic medical insurance plays an important role in the medical treatment and preventive care services utilization. Meanwhile, this factor continuously enhanced the coverage and the per capita income protection for medical services.
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Objective:To determine the change in the dietary patterns of Hunan urban residents from1982 to 2012. Methods:A 24 hour dietary recall method was used for 3 consecutive days to collect information on food intake, and the condiment intake was collected by weighting method. Results:Rice products and potato consumption were 449.0 g per person per day and 44.0 g per person per day in 1982, and dropped to 150.0 g per person per day and 9.0 g per person per day in 2012. In 2012, vegetable (277.1 g per person per day), fruits (47.8 g per person per day), milk and dairy products (16.6 g per person per day) consumption were still insuffcient. Fat (59.3 g per person per day) and salt (10.1 g per person per day) consumption was still high. Conlusions:hTe dietary quality of urban residents in Hunan has been greatly improved, but is still seriously imbalanced. To consume more fruits, milk and dairy products and reduce fat and salt intake are very important.
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Objective To understand the performance of the basic medical security system in Guangxi for decision-making support on the development planning of the system during the 12th FiveYear Plan in Guangxi.Methods Descriptive statistics were made to analyze the annual report data of Guangxi's basic medical security system during 2009 to 2011,regarding the basic medical security for urban workers and that for urban residents,as well as those of the new rural cooperative medical system.Results The survey found that the three basic medical security systems in Guangxi have almost achieved full coverage; the compensation ratio keeps rising as the inpatient expenses of urban residents was up to 62.21％,64.96％ and 66.96％ respectively from 2009 to 2011,and that for urban residents up to 34.26％,39.96％ and 49.68％ respectively; the ratio for those covered by the new rural cooperative medical system has been maintained at 45％ for the three years; the coverage of the systems keeps expanding.Conclusion Recommend to integrate pilots of the three security systems and carry out serious diseases pilot programs; encourage reform of the payment system at institutions at or above county level; reform the risk-pooling of disease management of at primary medical institutions; strengthen the information systems of basic medical insurance system,in an effort to ensure the sound development of the basic medical insurance system.
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Objective: To predict the medical expenses and distribution of different medical payments of urban residents in Kunming, who are covered by the medical insurance scheme. Methods: We created a static micro-simulation model for predicting and evaluating the 2008-2010 medical insurance scheme for urban residents of Kunming. The main datasets used for constructing the model included: a 0.1% population sample dataset from the national census of 2000 and a dataset of urban employees and retirees under the social medical insurance scheme. Other data used in the model involved the aggregated results of 1% population survey of Kunming conducted in 2005. Results: Based on the population model of 2005, the population information and the data of employees and retirees covered by the social medical insurance scheme were integrated. The model provided information on resident incomes, medical expenses, medical expenses of outpatient services and severe illness; and the different kinds of payments could be forecasted by the model. Conclusion: Results of the present research can help the government in making relevant heath policies while ensuring the sustainable development of medical insurance scheme.
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OBJECTIVE:To analyze drug elasticity of demand of urban residents with quantitation.METHODS:Expand linear expenditure system(ELES)model was used to analyze sectional data of different kinds of consumption expenditure and the disposable income of urban residents in2003and to calculate the value of marginal consumption tendency,the elasticity value of demand income and the demand price.RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:The changes of drugs price have little influence on drugs demand,for urban residents,drugs consumption belongs to necessary for life.